PSSA Prompt 2

Tuesday - Wednesday
Goals:
Students will respond to a PSSA prompt
Students will begin composing their own persuasive essays.
They will brainstorm ideas and formulate their own response to the prompt.
Students will be able to read a nonfiction piece critically.

This will be a read and response style persuasive prompt.

Read the following article on ABC News concerning the meat products that you are being served at fast food restaurants.

Today's Special: Ammonia-Treated Meat Scraps?

As you are reading the article, take notes on the key points of the article. Take your time and make sure you understand the article!
Begin to formulate a stand on the topic presented in the article.

PROMPT:
Should the fast food industry be required to list every ingredient, including percentages of bi-products, used in their menu items? Is it important to you, the consumer, to be aware of what you are eating?

Use the PSSA format for writing a response to a prompt with this article.

Directions:
1. Plan a response to the writing prompt.

2. Jot down notes about the points you wish to make.

3. Write an outline and begin a rough draft of your material.

4. Use any remaining time to proofread your work.


Tips:
Be sure you keep a clear focus. (Stick to a yes or no answer. NO MAYBE)
Pay attention to your grammar.
Give as many examples as possible to support your stance.
Make sure you justify each of your key points with support.

Academic Content Standards:
15.1.11A- Write with a distinctive focus.
1.5.11B- Write using well-developed content appropriate for the topic.
1.5.11C- Write with controlled organization.

PSSA Group Evaluation

GOAL: Students will score prompts using the PSSA rubric and guidelines

1. Students will receive an individual score sheet.
2. Each student will be placed into a group
3. Each group will receive 4-5 student prompts to evaluate
4. Students will individually evaluate each paper
5. Once all papers are individually evaluated, students will fill out a final "group" grade
6. Grades will be placed on the final rubric sheet.

_____________________________________________________________________________________

SAMPLE: INDIVIDUAL SCORE SHEET:
Your Name:_______________________
Your Group Members: ________________________________________
*SCORE ACCORDING TO THE RUBRIC STANDARDS: 1-4

# on Paper: _____
_____FOCUS
_____CONTENT DEV.
_____ORGANIZATION
_____STYLE
_____CONVENTIONS
_____/ 20 TOTAL
NOTES:

OVERALL EVAL and PSSA RUBRIC (These sheets will be passed out to the class)



Academic Content Standards:
15.1.11A- Write with a distinctive focus.
1.5.11B- Write using well-developed content appropriate for the topic.
1.5.11C- Write with controlled organization.

1/27 Journal

Periods 2 and 7 will write a one page journal

PERIOD 6 WILL WRITE A TWO PAGE JOURNAL

ALL WORK WILL BE TURNED IN TO WWW.TURNITIN.COM BY THE END OF THE PERIOD.

Tomorrow is Sno*Ball are you ready? Do you have all of your plans in order? Are you the last minute person who still needs to go out and pick up a suit or flowers today? Do you even intend on going to the dance at all? Is it a big waste of time? What do you think?

Or

Write a short, creative story using a key, a kayak, a kazoo, ketchup, a killer whale, a kilt, a kite, and a knight.

Or



Write on a topic of your choice.


(Journals MUST meet all page minimums!)


Academic Content Standards:
15.1.11A- Write with a distinctive focus.
1.5.11B- Write using well-developed content appropriate for the topic.
1.5.11C- Write with controlled organization.

Persuasive Essay

Goals:
Students will respond to a PSSA prompt
Students will begin composing their own persuasive essays.
They will brainstorm ideas and formulate their own response to the prompt.

The work must be turned in by the end of the period. It will be distributed on Thursday.

Directions:
1. Plan a response to the writing prompt.
2. Jot down notes about the points you wish to make.
3. Write an outline and begin a rough draft of your material

The following prompt will serve as the topic for your paper:

(You will have 60 minutes to plan, write and correct your paper. You will be given 30 minutes today and 30 minutes on Monday)

Prompt:
Some people have suggested that keeping animals in zoos is cruel to these animals. These people feel that animals have the right to live in freedom, as people in our country do. Do you agree or disagree with this position?

Write a letter to persuade readers to the local paper to accept your ideas and opinions. Explain why your ideas will benefit not only animals but also people.


DIRECTIONS:
STATE YOUR OPINION CLEARLY
SUPPORT YOUR OPINION WITH SPECIFIC DETAILS
PRESENT YOUR IDEAS CLEARLY AND LOGICALLY
USE WORDS AND WELL-CONSTRUCTED SENTENCES EFFECTIVELY\
CORRECT ANY ERRORS IN SPELLING, PUNCTUATION AND CAPITALIZATION
SPEND 5-10 MINUTES SETTING YOUR FOCUS. THIS WILL HELP YOU LEAVE TIME TO COMPLETE THE REMAINING STAGES OF WRITING FOR DAY 1

REMEMBER TO WORK CAREFULLY, BECAUSE A CLEAR FOCUS WILL HELP COMPLETE THE OTHER STAGES OF THE ESSAY MORE SUCCESSFULLY!!


Academic Content Standards:
15.1.11A- Write with a distinctive focus.
1.5.11B- Write using well-developed content appropriate for the topic.
1.5.11C- Write with controlled organization.

PSSA Overview

Monday and Tuesday - 1/23-1/24
No Bell Ringer during this lesson

PSSA Overview
Goal: Students will review PSSA graded essays

Students will read and discuss essays from the
The Pennsylvania System of School Assessment
Pennsylvania Department of Education Bureau of Assessment and Accountability 2009–2010

Grade 11: Writing - Item and Scoring Sampler

Scoring Guideline

Writing Domain

2007 Prompts
2007-2008 Grade 11 Writing Item and Scoring Sampler

2010
Sampler
http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/pennsylvania_system_of_school_assessment_(pssa)/8757/resource_materials/507610

http://www.mcsdk12.org/pssa.htm

Academic Content Standards:
15.1.11A- Write with a distinctive focus.
1.5.11B- Write using well-developed content appropriate for the topic.
1.5.11C- Write with controlled organization.

Journal - 1/20

Journal Day
The state of Pennsylvania is in the process of passing a law to eliminate texting and talking on a cell phone while driving. According to the proposed law, officers will now be able to pull over drivers who are seen talking on cell phones or sending a text message, solely for this violation. Any person pulled over will face a $50 fine or a $100 fine should they be in a school zone. Drivers will still be allowed to legally use hands-free devices such as Bluetooth headsets. The bill has passed almost uncontested in the state House and is now off to the state Senate for final vote. What are your thoughts on this new law? Is it a good thing? Will it save lives? Should we have stricter laws? Should we have no laws at all regarding cell phones?

Or


Write on a topic of your choice.


(Journals MUST be a minimum of 1 full page)

Academic Content Standards:
15.1.11A- Write with a distinctive focus.
1.5.11B- Write using well-developed content appropriate for the topic.
1.5.11C- Write with controlled organization.

Homonyms

Common English Words

Ends in B

Word Race

Sports logos

3 letter words

Parts of Speech

No Bell Ringer today

Goal: Students will present their PowerPoint Presentations

Today we will be delivering our presentations. As you are delivering your speeches, make sure to pay attention to the basics of speech delivery.

Periods 2 and 6 will continue with PowerPoint presentations on Monday, 1/9

__________________________________________________________________

Goal: Students will be reviewing common spelling mistakes and confusing words
Period 7 will complete several Review Exercises

REVIEW THE FOLLOWING EXERCISES

HOMONYMS

TRIPLE HOMOPHONES

FOUR LETTER WORDS

TWO LETTER WORDS


Academic Content Standards:
15.1.11A- Write with a distinctive focus.
1.5.11B- Write using well-developed content appropriate for the topic.
1.5.11C- Write with controlled organization.

Journal for 1/13

submit work to www.turnitin.com

The government has perfected gene manipulation and now the government wants to use this knowledge to create a group of superheroes to help clean up the world’s problems. You have been chosen as one of the experimental test subjects. Since they are not sure exactly how well this will work, they give you the option to choose your super powers as a slight compensation. So what would your powers be? What would your costume look like? How would you use your powers? What would your super hero identity be?


Or

Write a short, creative story using a jellyfish, a jet, a jockey, a judge, and a jump-rope.


Or



Write on a topic of your choice.


(Journals MUST meet all page minimums!)


Academic Content Standards:
15.1.11A- Write with a distinctive focus.
1.5.11B- Write using well-developed content appropriate for the topic.
1.5.11C- Write with controlled organization.

Editing Practice

Dear classes,
I am very sorry that I can't be with you today. This is a very difficult time for my family. However, I need to make a few notes:
Period 2 - I have received wonderful reports. Keep up the good work!
Periods 6 and 7- I have received a list of several students who refuse to do work. This is quite disappointing. If I receive another "NEGATIVE" report saying that students are not working, and the sub refuses go over the work, I will change the assignment to something that will keep everyone engaged. I really need you to cover the editing material, but I also need to start another research project....YOU PICK. DO YOU REALLY WANT THAT TYPE OF ASSIGNMENT WITHOUT ME???? HHHHHMMMMMM......I WOULD THINK TWICE. Needless to say, I am quite upset with the report. I will deal with the issue accordingly!!

Trust me, all of the assignments you have been doing are being graded. I have a lot of extra time as I sit at the hospital.

I am sure this was just a misunderstanding, and the report WILL be much better for the rest of the week.

Have a better day,
Mrs. C.

Goal: Students will practice their editing skills

**Please note that you will turn these assignments in at the end of the period
**The substitute will go over the answers with you.
**You will get credit for completing the assignments

1. All work must be completed on white lined paper
2. In your green Writing and Grammar Texts located on the computer towers, complete the following pages:
489
491 exercise B
496 exercise 9
497 exercise 10
501 exercise 18
503 exercise 21


Make sure your name is on the paper

1.5.11D- Write with a command of the stylistic aspects of composition

Practice Editing

Goal: Students will practice their editing skills

**Please note that you will turn these assignments in at the end of the period
**The substitute will go over the answers with you.
**You will get credit for completing the assignments

1. All work must be completed on white lined paper
2. In your green Writing and Grammar Texts located on the computer towers, complete the following pages:

399
401 - Exercises A, B, C, and D
417
447

Make sure your name is on the paper

1.5.11D- Write with a command of the stylistic aspects of composition

Practice editing

Goal: Students will practice their editing skills

**Please note that you will turn these assignments in at the end of the period
**The substitute will go over the answers with you.
**You will get credit for completing the assignments

1. All work must be completed on white lined paper
2. In your green Writing and Grammar Texts located on the computer towers, complete the following pages:
Page 279
Page 323
Page 359
Page 377

Make sure your name is on the paper

1.5.11D- Write with a command of the stylistic aspects of composition

Journal for 1/11

**I am sorry for the mix-up today. I had a personal emergency. I am assigning you your Friday journal today. As a result, we will still have the rest of the week to complete our regular plans. Thank you for your cooperation. I will see you tomorrow. Please turn your work in at www.turnitin.com.
Mrs. C.

Goal: Students will write a weekly journal. Students will have the opportunity to write creatively and work on implementing personal details into their writing.

Journal Day
Some people have very unusual pets. People keep everything from emperor scorpions to llamas. Siegfreid and Roy even have multiple tigers. If you could have any pet in the world what would it be? Why would you chose that pet? Would it just be for show or would you teach it tricks and things?


Or


Write short creative story using a gargoyle, a gazebo, a gem, a ghost, a goat, and a glacier.


Or



Write on a topic of your choice.


(Journals MUST meet all page minimums!)


Academic Content Standards:
15.1.11A- Write with a distinctive focus.
1.5.11B- Write using well-developed content appropriate for the topic.
1.5.11C- Write with controlled organization.

1/6 Journal

1/6 Journal
Journal Day
Happy New Year!!
Since this is a brand new start, write about your resolution and how you plan to fulfill it.

Or
Create a wish list for 2012.
or

Write a short creative story using mistletoe, a candy cane, Santa, reindeer, a sleigh, a present, a Christmas tree, and a chimney.


Or


Write on a topic of your choice.


(Journals MUST meet all page minimums)

Academic Content Standards:
15.1.11A- Write with a distinctive focus.
1.5.11B- Write using well-developed content appropriate for the topic.
1.5.11C- Write with controlled organization.

Presentations

Bell Ringer:
Correct the following sentences:

Monday, 1/2/12
A. 1. Drama began in the theaters of ancient Greece.

2. Choral performances began in the 600’s B C and those performances honored the god Dionysus.

Tuesday, 1/3/12

B. 1. Thespis was one of the first actors and dramatists in Ancient Greece.

2. The term thespian, which means “actor,” comes from Thepis name.

Wednesday, 1/4/12
C. 1. Drama flourished in ancient Greece in the B.C. 400’s.

2. Contests were held: on a yearly basis to determine which comedies and tragedies are the best.

Thursday, 1/5/12
D. 1. The ancient Greeks presented their dramas outdoors, using large amphitheaters.

2. The Theater of Dionysus in Athens Greece held about 14000 people.

Goal: Students will present their PowerPoint Presentations

Today we will begin delivering our presentations. As you are delivering your speeches, make sure to pay attention to the basics of speech delivery.


Three Basic Elements of Speech Delivery

1. Rate- Remember to pace yourself. The audience should’t feel like they’re running to keep up with you. Pausing to breathe will help to slow you down. Controlling your breathing to the key to a well paced speech.

2. Volume- The audience should not have to strain to hear you. Remember to speak to the back row of the audience. When an audience has difficulty hearing they will lose interest.

3. Eye contact- Eye contact allows you to build a relationship with the audience. It gives you more credibility as a speaker. Look up frequently. Do not become so focused on your notes that you forget the audience.



Academic Content Standards:
15.1.11A- Write with a distinctive focus.
1.5.11B- Write using well-developed content appropriate for the topic.
1.5.11C- Write with controlled organization.

Read the passage below and then answer questions 1–4.
1 When Erin Gruwell first stepped through the doors of Room 203 at Woodrow Wilson High School in Long Beach, California, she had no idea how her experiences there would change the course of her life. 2 Fresh out of college, Erin was eager to make a difference in the lives of her students. 3 Her first day of school, however, presented her with seemingly insurmountable obstacles: her students were considered “unteachable,” “below average,” and “delinquent.”
4 Mrs. Gruwell was determined not to except the labels placed on her students, and she focused on finding ways to reach them. 5 She began by helping her students form a community among themselves. 6 Many of her students were members of rival gangs. 7 Gruwell engaged students in activities to forge common bonds and used books which she bought with money from a second job to help students feel connected to others. 8 The students began to form friendships and work together toward their common goals.
9 Gruwell’s most important project began on the day she distributed brand new notebooks to each member of her class. 10 Students were invited to share their personal stories in the notebooks. 11 Through the telling of these stories, each student began to feel heard, understood, and respected. 12 Eventually, Mrs. Gruwell helped propel the students toward even more success when she published her stories in a book aptly titled The Freedom Writers Diary.

1. Which word is used incorrectly and should be changed?
A course should be coarse in sentence 1
B except should be accept in sentence 4
C among should be between in sentence 5
D personal should be personnel in sentence 10

2. Choose the best place to add this detail.
Because of this tension, Room 203 often felt more like a boxing ring than a classroom.
A after sentence 2
B after sentence 4
C after sentence 5
D after sentence 6

3. Which part of sentence 7 could best be enclosed in parentheses?
A Gruwell engaged students (in activities) to forge common bonds and used books which
she bought with money from a second job to help students feel connected to others.
B Gruwell engaged students in activities to forge common bonds (and used books) which
she bought with money from a second job to help students feel connected to others.
C Gruwell engaged students in activities to forge common bonds and used books (which
she bought with money from a second job) to help students feel connected to others.
D Gruwell engaged students in activities to forge common bonds and used books which
she bought with money from a second job (to help students feel connected to others).

4. Which change corrects the error in sentence 12?
A Place a comma after success.
B Place a semicolon after success.
C Change published to publishes.
D Change her to their.

Read the passage below and then answer questions 5–81 The waxwing is a fairly common bird whose range spans southern Canada and the northern United States. 2 Smaller than a robin, the waxwing has a pale yellow belly, distinct black mask, and crested, cinnamon-brown head that make it a striking bird. 3 Its name is derived from red, waxy appendages at the tips of its wings. 4 It is one of the most frugivorous (fruit-eating) birds in North America. 5 While the waxwing is a skilled hunter of insects, its preferred diet is fruit that has a high sugar content. 6 Often traveling in flocks of forty or more birds, waxwings descend rapidly on fruit-bearing trees and bushes, stripping them bare of fruit within minutes. 7 Waxwings make an open cup of a nest and usually lay 4 or 5 light gray eggs. 8 Perhaps the waxwing’s most interesting behavior involves its sharing of food. 9 If berries are at the end of a branch or twig, the birds will line up and pass berries from one beak to the next all the way down the line. 10 An amazing sight to see. 11 Waxwings breed in summer when there is a good supply of fruit and insects to feed their young. 12 The birds are mostly nomadic, flying from one available food source to the next. 13 Found in both rural and urban areas, waxwings most often choose to live in open woodlands, small trees, or garden areas.

5. In which version of sentence 5 is the modifier, like many songbirds, misplaced? A Like many songbirds, the waxwing is a skilled hunter of insects, but its preferred diet is fruit that has a high sugar content.
B While the waxwing, like many songbirds, is a skilled hunter of insects, its preferred diet
is fruit that has a high sugar content.
C While the waxwing is a skilled hunter of insects, like many songbirds, its preferred diet is
fruit that has a high sugar content.
D While the waxwing is a skilled hunter of insects, its preferred diet is fruit that has a high sugar content, like many songbirds.

6. Choose the best place to add this detail.
Two of its favorite fruits are cherries and mulberries.
A after sentence 2
B after sentence 5
C after sentence 8
D after sentence 9

7. Which sentence is off-topic and should be removed?
A sentence 4
B sentence 7
C sentence 12
D sentence 13

8. Which revision makes sentence 10 a complete sentence?
A An amazing sight for someone to see.
B An amazing sight to see this.
C It is an amazing sight to see.
D Is quite an amazing sight to see.

Read the passage below and then answer questions 9–12.
1 Aerobic exercise promotes good health and a strong body by building cardiovascular strength, toning muscles, increasing endurance, and boosting lung capacity. 2 It helps lower cholesterol, which can cause heart disease. 3 In addition, aerobic exercise relieves stress. 4 What exactly is an aerobic activity? 5 An activity is considered aerobic if it elevates a person’s heart rate to 60% of its maximum level for fifteen to twenty minutes. 6 To begin an aerobic exercise program, an individual should determine his or her resting heart rate—the rate at which the heart beats when it is not under physical stress. 7 Once the resting heart rate has been determined, you are ready to begin aerobic activity. 8 The heart rate must remain above the resting rate continuously for fifteen minutes in order for the exercise to be benificial to the heart. 9 There are many form’s of aerobic exercise. 10 Rollerblading, running, walking, swimming, and biking are just a few activities that can be aerobic exercise if they are performed for a
minimum of fifteen minutes. 11 Many fitness clubs offer step aerobics and cardio kickboxing as fun ways to exercise the heart too.

9. Which change corrects the error in pronoun use in sentence 7?

A Once the resting heart rate has been determined, we are ready to begin aerobic activity.
B Once the resting heart rate has been determined, one is ready to begin aerobic activity.
C Once the resting heart rate has been determined, they are ready to begin aerobic activity.
D Once the resting heart rate has been determined, I am ready to begin aerobic activity.

10. Which word is spelled incorrectly?
A endurance in sentence 1
B capacity in sentence 1
C continuously in sentence 8
D benifi cial in sentence 8

11. Which change corrects an error in apostrophe usage?
A Remove the apostrophe from the word person’s in sentence 5.
B Add an apostrophe to the word beats in sentence 6.
C Remove the apostrophe from the word form’s in sentence 9.
D Add an apostrophe to the word clubs in sentence 11.

12. Which sentence would best conclude this passage?
A Gymnastics is another type of activity that is healthy for the body.
B A balanced diet is just as important as steady, regular exercise.
C While aerobic exercise is not the only way to stay in shape, it can be an important part of a
healthy lifestyle.
D In order to continue building physical strength, a person should increase aerobic activity
to four or fi ve times a week.

Read the passage below and then answer questions 1–4.
1 Today, camels live in Africa and Asia, and llamas live in the mountain areas of South America. 2 Ancestors of both camels and llamas thrived in North America but began to disappear they were victims of animal predators and early human hunters. 3 The camel’s ancestors crossed the Bering Strait’s temporary land bridge to Asia. 4 They spread across Asia
into North Africa, gradually developing into the familiar camel of today. 5 Living in the desert helped the camel to develop an ability to go long periods without water and increased its value as a pack animal. 6 Meanwhile, the ancestors of today’s llama traveled south through the Isthmus of Panama into South America. 7 Like camels, llamas developed to fit their environment. 8 Their feet are small because they walk on rocky surfaces, and their coats are thick and woolly to protect them from the cold, dry atmosphere. 9 Some people around the world keep llamas as pets.

1. Which sentence should be written as two sentences?
A sentence 2
B sentence 4
C sentence 5
D sentence 8

2. Which word would best begin sentence 3?
A However
B Eventually
C Furthermore
D Similarly

3. Which rewrite of sentence 4 uses the ellipsis correctly?
A . . . They spread across Asia into North Africa, gradually developing into the familiar
camel of today.
B They spread across Asia . . . gradually developing into the familiar camel of today.
C They spread across Asia into North Africa . . . gradually developing into the familiar
camel of today.
D They spread across Asia into North Africa, gradually developing into the familiar camel
of today . . .

4. Which sentence should be removed because it adds a detail not relevant to the passage?
A sentence 1
B sentence 5
C sentence 7
D sentence 9

Read the passage and then answer the questions.
1 In science class this month, my classmates and I worked together on a variety of experiments that explore gravity’s properties. 2 Yesterday, we discussed what it must be like to work and live in the weightless environment of space. 3 Mr. Lampley, our teacher, described
how astronauts in orbiting spacecraft, due to constant free-fall, can move around in ways that are impossible on Earth. 4 One experiment we did in class showed how water drops are pearshaped when they hang from some surfaces _______ gravity pulls the drops into that shape. 5 On spacecraft, escaped liquid forms perfect spheres because the water molecules attract each other equally. 6 In a weightless environment, these spheres just drift around instead of falling to the ground. 7 These floating spheres can be tough to capture so astronauts have to be exceptionally careful when drinking any kind of liquid. 8 On the other hand, washing up is very easy in space because water sticks to the body. 9 While being weightless might be enjoyable for a while, I think a weightless environment might end up causing some rather exasperating complications. 10 For now, I will remain in science class and just imagine being able to float around the room.


5. What is the reason for the apostrophe in the word gravity’s in sentence 1?
A It forms a contraction for gravity is.
B It is the plural form of gravity.
C It is the singular possessive form of gravity.
D It is the plural possessive form of gravity.

6. Which word best completes sentence 4?
A because
B although
C however
D consequently

7. Which revision of sentence 7 is punctuated correctly?
A These fl oating spheres, can be tough to capture so astronauts have to be exceptionally
careful when drinking any kind of liquid.
B These fl oating spheres can be tough to capture, so astronauts have to be exceptionally
careful when drinking any kind of liquid.
C These fl oating spheres can be tough to capture so, astronauts have to be exceptionally
careful when drinking any kind of liquid.
D These fl oating spheres can be tough to capture so astronauts have to be exceptionally
careful, when drinking any kind of liquid.

8. In a final revision, which information would logically follow sentence 9?
A examples of situations involving gravity
B further explanation of the writer’s opinion
C further explanation of the term “weightless”
D examples of possible “exasperating complications”

Read the passage below and then answer questions 9–12.
1 Many Americans are intrigued with the era of the Pony Express. 2 What many do not realize, however, is that the Pony Express lasted for less than two years. 3 Wild animals, mountainous terrain, thieves, hostile enemies, blizzards, and temperature extremes made the
journey extremely perilous. 4 So dangerous that some recruiting advertisements included these shocking requirements: “Willing to risk death daily. Orphans preferred.” 5 The route from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, was nearly 2,000 miles long. 6 Today, traveling at sixty miles per hour on paved highways, a driver would need four eight-hour days to make the journey. 7 Under much more difficult conditions and on horseback, these heroic riders
delivered the mail in a mere ten days. 8 Although short-lived, the Pony Express was vitally important for many reasons, including keeping communication open between California and the union during the Civil War. 9 The completion of a transcontinental telegraph line brought the romantic period of the Pony Express to a close.

9. Which sentence is incomplete?
A sentence 2
B sentence 3
C sentence 4
D sentence 5

10. Where would this sentence best fit in the passage?
The quickest recorded run was seven days, seventeen minutes.
A after sentence 3
B after sentence 5
C after sentence 6
D after sentence 7

11. Which sentence contains a capitalization error?
A sentence 4
B sentence 5
C sentence 8
D sentence 9

12. Which word or words is the subject of sentence 9?
A completion
B transcontinental
C line
D Pony Express